TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA AND THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN
The United
States of America, and the Empire of Japan, desiring to establish firm, lasting
and sincere friendship between the two Nations, have resolved to fix in a
manner clear and positive, by means of a
Treaty or general convention of peace and Amity, the rules which shall in
future be mutually observed in the intercourse of their respective Countries;
for which most desirable object, the President of the United States has
conferred full powers on his Commissioner, Matthew Calbraith Perry, Special Ambassador of the United States to Japan:
And the August Sovereign of Japan, has given similar full powers to
his Commissioners, Hayashi, Daigaku
no_kami; Ido, Prince of
Tsussima; Izawa, Prince of
Mimasaki; and Udono, Member of the
Board of
Revenue. And the said Commissioners after having exchanged their said
full powers, and duly considered the premises, have agreed to the following
Articles.
Article I．
There
shall be a perfect, permanent, and universal peace, and a sincere and cordial
amity between the United
States of America, on the one part, and the
Empire of Japan on the other part; and between their people respectively,
without exception of persons or places.
Article II．
The Port of Simoda
in the principality of Idzu, and the Port
of Hakodade, in the
principality of Matsmai, are granted by the Japanese as ports for the reception
of American Ships, where they can be supplied with Wood, Water, provisions, and
Coal, and other Articles their necessities may require as far as the Japanese
have them. The time for opening the first named Port is immediately on signing
this Treaty; the last named Port is to be opened immediately after the same day
in the ensuing Japanese Year.
Note A
tariff of prices shall be given by the Japanese Officers of the things which
they can furnish, payment for which shall be made in Gold and Silver Coin.
Article III．
Whenever
Ships of the United States are thrown or wrecked on the Coast of Japan, the
Japanese vessels will assist them, and carry their Crews to Simoda, or
Hakodade, and hand them over to their Countrymen appointed to receive them;
whatever Articles the ship wrecked men may have preserved shall likewise be
restored, and the expenses incurred in the rescue and support of Americans and
Japanese who may thus be thrown upon the shores of either nation are not to be
refunded.
Article IV．
Those
Shipwrecked persons and other Citizens of the United States shall be free as in
other Countries, and not subjected to confinement, but shall be amenable to
just laws.
Article V．
Shipwrecked
men and other Citizens of the United States,
temporarily living at Simoda and Hakodade shall not be subject to such
restrictions and confinement as the Dutch and Chinese are at Nagasaki, but shall be free at Simoda to go
where they please within the limits of Seven Japanese miles (or Ri.) from a small Island in the harbor of Simoda,
marked on the accompanying Chart, hereto appended : and shall in like manner be
free to go where they please at Hakodade, within limits to be defined after the
visit of the United States Squadron to that place.
Article VI．
If there be
any other sort of goods wanted, or any business which shall require to be
arranged, there shall be careful deliberation between the parties in order to
settle such matters.
Article VII．
It is
agreed that Ships of the United States
resorting to the ports open to them, shall be permitted to exchange Gold and
Silver Coin and articles of Goods for other articles of goods, under such
regulations as shall be temporarily established by the Japanese Government for
that purpose. It is stipulated however that the Ships of the United States shall be permitted to
carry away whatever articles they are unwilling to exchange.
Article
VIII．
Wood,
Water, provisions, Coal and Goods required shall only be procured through the
agency of Japanese Officers appointed for that
purpose, and in no other manner.
Article IX．
It is
agreed, that if at any future day the government of Japan shall grant to any
other Nation or Nations privileges and advantages which are not herein granted
to the United States, and the Citizens thereof, that these same privileges
and advantages shall be granted likewise
to the United States, and to the Citizens thereof, without any consultation or
deley.
Article X．
Ships of
the United States shall be
permitted to resort to no other ports in Japan but Simoda and Hakodade
unless in distress or forced by stress of weather.
Article XI．
There
shall be appointed by the Government of the United States, Consuls or Agents to
reside in Simoda at any time after the expiration of Eighteen months from the
date of the signing of this Treaty, provided that either of the two governments
deem such arrangement necessary.
Article XII．
The
present Convention having been concluded and duly signed, shall be obligatory
and faithfully observed by the United States of America and Japan, and by the
Citizens and Subjects of each respective power; and it is to be ratified and
approved by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate thereof, and by the August Sovereign of Japan, and the
ratification shall be exchanged within eighteen months from the date of the
signature thereof, or sooner if practicable.
In faith
whereof, we the respective plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and the Empire of
Japan aforesaid have signed and sealed these presents.
Done at
Kanagawa this thirty first day of March in the Year of our Lord Jesus Christ,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty four; and of Kayei the Seventh Year, third month and Third day. M,
C, Perry
日米和親條約（日本國米利堅合衆國和親條約）
安政元年（嘉永七年）甲寅三月三日（西暦千八百五十四年第三月三十一日）於神奈川調印
安政二年乙卯正月五日（西暦千八百五十五年第二月二十一日）於下田批准書交換
亞墨利加合衆國と帝國日本兩國の人民誠實不朽の和睦を取結ひ兩國人民の交親を旨とし向後可守箇條相立候ため合衆國より全權「マッゼウ、カルブレス、ペルリ」（人名）を日本に差越し日本君主よりは全權林大學頭井戸對馬守伊澤美作守鵜殿民部少輔を差遣し勅諭を信して雙方左之通取極候
第一條
日本と合衆國とは其人民永世不朽の和親を取結ひ場所人柄の差別無之事
第二條
伊豆下田松前地箱館の兩港は日本政府に於て亞墨利加船薪水食料石炭欠乏の品を日本にて調候丈は給候為メ渡來之儀差免し候尤下田港は約條書面調印之上即時にも相開き箱館は來年三月より相始候事
給すへき品物直段書之儀は日本役人より相渡可申右代料は金銀錢を以て可相辨候事
第三條
合衆國の船日本海濱漂着之時扶助いたし其漂民を下田又は箱館に護送し本國の者受取可申所持の品物も同樣に可致候尤漂民諸雜費は兩國互に同樣之事故不及償候事
第四條
漂着或は渡來の人民取扱之儀は他國同樣緩優に有之閉籠メ候儀致間敷乍併正直の法度には服從いたし候事
第五條
合衆國の漂民其他の者共當分下田箱館逗留中長崎に於て唐和蘭人同樣閉籠メ窮屈の取扱無之下田港内の小島周り凡七里の内は勝手に徘徊いたし箱館港の儀は追て取極め候事
第六條
必用の品物其外可相叶事は雙方談判之上取極候事
第七條
合衆國の船右兩港に渡來の時金銀錢並品物を以て入用の品相調ひ候を差免し候尤日本政府の規定に相從可申且合衆國の船より差出候品物を日本人不好して差返候時は受取可申候事
第八條
薪水食料石炭並缺乏の品を求る時には其地の役人にて取扱すへし私に取引すへからさる事
第九條
日本政府外國人え當節亞墨利加人え不差免候廉相免し候節は亞墨利加人えも同樣差免可申右に付談判猶豫不致候事
第十條
合衆國の船若し難風に逢さる時は下田箱館兩港の外猥に渡來不致候事
第十一條
兩國政府に於て無據儀有之候時は模樣により合衆國官吏之者下田に差置候儀も可有之尤約定調印より十八ケ月後に無之候ては不及其儀候事
第十二條
今般の約定相定候上は兩國の者堅く相守可申尤合衆國主に於て長公會大臣と評議一定之後書を日本大君に致し此事今より後十八ケ月を過き君主許容之約條取替し候事
右之條日本亞墨利加兩國の全權調印せしむる者也
嘉永七年三月三日
林 大 学 頭 花押
井 戸 對 馬
守 同
伊 澤 美 作 守 同
鵜 殿 民 部 少 輔 同
TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN
(1858, The Harris Treaty)
It
was the U.S. which forced Japan
to abandon her isolationist policy toward foreigners when Commodore Perry
concluded the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa government in 1854. However,
while Perry secured fuel and provisions for U.S.
ships and protection for shipwrecked sailors, he left the important matter of
trading rights to another U.S.
envoy, Townsend Harris who arrived in Japan for that purpose in 1856. It
took two years of persistent work to break down Japanese resistance. But with
the threat of imminent British demands for similar privileges (concessions they
had already wrung from mighty China in war), the Tokugawa regime gave in and
signed, as had taken place in China over a decade earlier, the "unequal
treaty" outlined below. Ironically, it was the humiliation of this and the
other treaties signed with Britain, France, et al. that made the Japanese
embrace all too well the modernization that her tormentors had already
achieved, making her by the end of the century the dominant Asian power and one
who would soon win for herself (through victory in the 1904-5 Russo- Japanese
war) the status of a great power.
Selected articles follow:
ARTICLE
I. There shall henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States of America and His Majesty the
[shogun] of Japan
and his successors.
ARTICLE
111. In addition to the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate, the following ports and
towns shall be opened on the dates respectively appended to them, that is to
say: Kanagawa, on the 4th of July, 1859, Nagasaki, on the 4th of July, 1859;
Niigata, on the I st of January, 1860; Hyogo, on the lst of January, 1863.
...
Six months after the opening of Kanagawa, the port of Shimoda
shall be closed as a place of residence and trade for American citizens. In all
the foregoing ports and towns American citizens may permanently reside; they
shall have the right to lease ground, and purchase the buildings thereon, and
may erect dwellings and warehouses....
No
wall, fence, or gate shall be erected by the Japanese around the place of
residence of the Americans, or anything done which may prevent a free egress
and ingress to the same.
From
the lst of January, 1862, Americans shall be allowed to reside in the City of Edo; and from the Ist of January, 1863, in the City of Osaka, for the purposes of
trade only. In each of these two cities a suitable place within which they may
hire houses, and the distance they may go, shall be arranged by the American
Diplomatic Agent and the Government of Japan....
The
Japanese Government will cause this clause to be made public in every part of
the Empire as soon as the ratifications of this Treaty shall be exchanged.
Munitions of war shall only be sold to the Japanese Government and
foreigners....
ARTICLE
IV. Duties shall be paid to the Government of Japan on all goods landed in the
country, and on all articles of Japanese production that are exported as cargo,
according to the tariff hereunto appended. . . .
The
importation of opium is prohibited; and, any American vessel coming to Japan
for the purposes of trade having more than four pounds weight of opium on
board, such surplus quantity shall be seized and destroyed by the Japanese
authorities. All goods imported into Japan and which have paid the duty
fixed by this Treaty, may be transported by the Japanese into any part of the
empire without the payment of any tax, excise, or transit duty whatever.
No
higher duties shall be paid by Americans on goods imported into Japan
than are fixed by this Treaty, nor shall any higher duties be paid by Americans
than are levied on the same description of goods if imported in Japanese
vessels, or the vessels of any other nation.
ARTICLE
VI. Americans committing offenses against Japanese shall be tried in American
Consular courts, and, when guilty, shall be punished according to American law.
Japanese committing offenses against Americans shall be tried by the Japanese authorities
and punished according to Japanese law. The Consular courts shall be open to
Japanese creditors, to enable them to recover their just claims against
American citizens; and the Japanese courts shall in like manner be open to
American citizens for the recovery of their just claims against Japanese....
ARTICLE
VIII. Americans in Japan
shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, and for this purpose
shall have the right to erect suitable places of worship. No injury shall be
done to such buildings, nor any insult be offered to the religious worship of
the Americans. American citizens shall not injure any Japanese temple or
shrine, or offer any insult or injury to Japanese religious ceremonies, or to
the objects of their worship.
The
Americans and Japanese shall not do anything that may be calculated to excite
religious animosity. The Government of Japan has already abolished the practice
of trampling on religious emblems.
ARTICLE
X. The Japanese Government may purchase or construct in the United States ships- of-war,
steamers, merchant ships, whale ships, cannon, munitions of war, and arms of
all kinds, and any other things it may require. It shall have the right to
engage in the United States
scientific, naval and military men, artisans of all kind, and mariners to enter
into its service. . . .
ARTICLE
XIII. After the 4th of July, 1872, upon the desire of either the American or
Japanese Governments, and on one year's notice given by either party, this
Treaty, and such portions of the Treaty of Kanagawa as remain unrevoked by this
Treaty, together with the regulations of trade hereunto annexed, or those that
may be hereafter introduced, shall be subject to revision by Commissioner s
appointed on both sides for this purpose, who will be empowered to decide and
insert therein, such amendments as experience shall prove to be desirable.
ARTICLE
XIV. This Treaty shall go into effect on the 4th of July, 1859 . . . This
Treaty is executed in quadruplicate, each copy being written in English,
Japanese, and Dutch languages, all the versions having the same meaning and
intention, but the Dutch version shall be considered as being the original....
Note:
A regulation was attached to the treaty determining the tariffs to be paid on U.S.
imports. A low rate of 5 percent on the value of good imported by the U.S. , unfavorable to Japan, was set for machinery and
shipping materials of all kinds as well as raw materials such as lead, tin and
zinc.
日米修好通商条約（付・貿易章程）
六月十九日調印日本國亞米利加合衆國修好通商条約并貿易章程
江戸に於て調印萬延元年四月三日華盛頓に於て批准書交換
帝國大日本大君と亞墨利加合衆國大統領と親睦之意を堅くし且永續せしめんために兩國の人民貿易を通する事を處置し其交際の厚からん事を欲するかために懇親及ひ貿易の條約を取結ふ事を決し日本大君は其事を井上信濃守岩瀬肥後守に命し合衆國大統領は日本に差越たる亞墨利加合衆國のコンシユルセ子ラール（版本官名ト注ス）トウンセントハルリス（版本人名ト注ス）に命し雙方委任の書を照應して下文の條々を合議決定す
第一條
向後日本大君と亞墨利加合衆國と世々親睦なるへし
日本政府は華盛頓に居留する政事に預る役人を任し又合衆國の各港の内に居留する諸取締の役人及ひ貿易を處置する役人を任すへし其政事に預る役人及ひ頭立たる取締之役人は合衆國に到着の日より其國の部内を旅行すへし
合衆國の大統領は江戸に居留するチフロマチーキアケント（版本官名ト注ス）を任し又此約書に載る（版本載たる）亞墨利加人民貿易のために開きたる日本の各港の内に居留するコンシユル（版本官名ト注ス）又はコンシユライルアケント（版本官名ト注ス）等を任すへし其日本に居留するチフロマチーキアケント并にコンシユルセ子ラールは職務を行ふ時より日本國の部内を旅行する免許あるへし
第二條
日本國と歐羅巴中の或る國との間にもし障り起る時は日本政府の囑に應し合衆國の大統領和親の媒となりて扱ふへし
合衆國之軍艦大洋にて行遇たる日本船へ公平なる友睦の取計らひあるへし且亞墨利加コンシユルの居留する港に日本船の入る事あらは其各國の規定によりて友睦の計らひあるへし
第三條
下田箱館（版本館ノ次ニのノ字アリ）港の外次にいふ所の場所を左之期限より開くへし
神奈川 午三月より凡十五个月の後より 西洋紀元千八百五十九年七月四日
長崎 同斷 同斷
新潟 同斷凡二十个月の後より 千八百六十年一月一日
兵庫 同斷凡五十六个月の後より 千八百六十三年一月一日
若し（版本「し」ナシ）新潟を開き難き事あらは其代りとして同所前後に於て一港を別に撰ふへし
神奈川港を開く後六个月にして下田港は鎖すへし此个條の内に載たる各地は亞墨利加人に居留を許すへし居留の者は一箇の地を價を出して借り又其所に建物あれは是を買ふ事妨なく且住宅倉庫を建る事をも許すへしといへとも是を建るに託して要害の場所を取建る事は決して成さるへし此掟を堅くせんために其建物を新築改造修補なとする事あらん時にハ日本役人是を見分する事當然たるへし
亞墨利加人建物のために借り得る一箇の場所并に港々の定則は各港の役人と亞墨利加コンシユルと議定すへし若議定しかたき時は其事件を日本政府と亞墨利加チフロマチーキアケントに示して處置せしむへし其居留場の周圍に門墻を設けす出入自在にすへし
江戸 午三月より凡四十四个月の後より 千八百六十二年一月一日
大坂 同斷凡五十六个月の後より 千八百六十三年一月一日
右二个所は亞墨利加人唯（版本只）商賣を爲す間にのみ逗留する事を得へし此兩所の町に於て亞墨利加人建家を價を以て借るへき相當なる一區の場所并に散歩すへき規定は追て日本役人と亞墨利加のチフロマチーキアケントと談判すへし
雙方の國人品物を賣買する事總て障りなく其拂方等に付ては日本役人これに立合ハす諸日本人亞墨利加人より得たる品を賣買し或は所持する倶に妨なし
軍用の諸物は日本役所の外へ賣へからす尤外國人互の取引は差構ある事なし此个條は條約本書取替せ濟の上は日本國内へ觸渡すへし
米并に麥は日本逗留の亞墨利加人并に船々乘組たる者及ひ船中旅客食料の爲の用意は與ふとも積荷として輸出する事を許さす
日本産する所の銅餘分あれは日本役所にて其時々公けの入札を以て拂ひ渡すへし
在留の亞墨利加人日本の賤民を雇ひ且諸用事に充る事を許すへし
第四條
總て國地に輸入輸出の品々別册の通日本役所へ運上を納むへし
日本之運上所にて荷主申立の價を奸ありと察する時は運上役より相當の價を付其荷物を買入る事を談すへし荷主もし是を否む時は運上所より付たる價に從て運上を納むへし承允する時は其價を以て直に買上へし
合衆國海軍用意の品神奈川長崎箱館の内に陸揚し庫内に藏めて亞墨利加番人守護するものハ運上の沙汰に及はす若其品を賣拂ふ時は買入る人より規定の運上を日本役所に納むへし
阿片の輸入嚴禁たりもし亞墨利加商船三斤以上を持渡らは其過量の品は日本役人是を取上へし
輸入の荷物定例の運上納濟の上は日本人より國中に輸送すとも別に運上を取立る事なし
亞墨利加人輸入する荷物は此條約に定めたるより餘分の運上を納むる事なく又日本船及ひ他國の商船にて外國より輸入せる同し荷物の運上高と同樣たるへし
第五條
外國の諸貨幣は日本貨幣同種類の同量を以て通用すへし金は金銀は銀と量目を以て比較するをいふ
雙方の國人互に物價を償ふに日本と外國との貨幣を用ゐる妨なし
日本人外國の貨幣に慣はされハ開港の後凡壹个年の間各港の役所より日本の貨幣を以て亞墨利加人願次第引替渡すへし向後鑄替のため分割を出すに及はす日本諸貨幣ハ銅錢を除く輸出する事を得并に外國の金銀は貨幣に鑄るも鑄さるも輸出すへし
第六條
日本人に對し法を犯せる亞墨利加人は亞墨利加コンシユル裁斷所にて吟味の上亞墨利加の法度を以て罰すへし亞墨利加人へ對し法を犯したる日本人は日本役人糺の上日本の法度を以て罰すへし日本奉行所亞墨利加コンシユル裁斷所は雙方商人逋債等の事をも公けに取扱ふへし
都て條約中の規定并に別冊に記せる所の法則を犯すに於てはコンシユルへ申達し取上品并に過料は日本役人へ渡すへし
兩國の役人は双方商民取引の事に付て差構ふ事なし
第七條
日本開港の場所に於て亞墨利加人遊歩の規程左の如し
神奈川 六郷川筋を限とし其他ハ各方へ凡十里
箱館 各方へ凡十里
兵庫 京都を距る事十里の地へハ亞墨利加人立入さる筈に付き其方角を除き各方へ十里且兵庫に來る船々の乘組人は猪名川より海灣迄の川筋を越へからす
都て里數ハ各港の奉行所又は御用所より陸路の程度なり一里は亞墨利加の四千二百七十五ヤールト日本の凡三十三町四十八間一尺二寸五分に當る
長崎 其周圍にある御料所を限とす
新潟は治定の上境界を定むへし
亞墨利加人重立たる惡事ありて裁斷を受（版本請）又は不身持にて再ひ裁許に處せられし者は居留の場所より一里外に出へからす其者等は日本奉行所より國地退去の儀を其地在留の亞墨利加コンシユルに達すへし
其者とも諸引合等奉行所并にコンシユル糺濟の上退去の期限猶豫の儀はコンシユルより申立に依て相叶ふへし尤其期限は決して一个年を越ゆへからす
第八條
日本にある亞墨利加人自ら其國の宗法を念し禮拜堂を居留場の内に置も障りなく并に其建物を破壞し亞墨利加人宗法を自ら念するを妨る事なし
亞墨利加人日本人の堂宮を毀傷する事なく又決して日本神佛の禮拜を妨け神躰佛像を毀る事あるへからす
双方の人民互に宗旨に付ての爭論あるへからす日本長崎役所に於て踏繪の仕來りは既に廢せり
第九條
亞墨利加コンシユルの願に依て都て出奔人并に裁許の場より迯去しものを召捕又はコンシユル捕へ置たる罪人を獄に繋く事叶ふへし且陸地并に船中にある亞墨利加人に不法を戒め規則を遵守せしむるかためにコンシユル申立次第助力すへし右等の諸入費并に願に依て日本の獄に繋きたる者の雜費は都て亞墨利加コンシユルより償ふへし
第十條
日本政府合衆國より軍艦蒸氣船商船鯨漁船大炮軍用器并兵器の類其他要需の諸物を買入れ又ハ製作を誂へ或は其國の學者海陸軍法の士諸科の職人并に船夫を雇ふ事意のまゝたるへし
都て日本政府注文の諸物品は合衆國より輸送し雇入る亞墨利加人ハ差支なく本國より差送るへし合衆國親友の國と日本國万一戰爭ある間ハ軍中制禁の品々合衆國より輸出せす且武事を扱ふ人々は差送らさるへし
第十一條
此條約に添たる商法の別冊は本書同樣双方の臣民互に遵守すへし
第十二條
安政元年寅三月三日即千八百五十四年三月三十一日神奈川に於て取替したる條約の中此條々に齟齬せ（版本す）る廉は取用ゐす同四年巳五月廿六日即千八百五十七年六月十七日下田に於て取替したる約書ハ此條約中に悉せるに依りて取捨へし
日本貴官又は委任之役人と日本に來れる合衆國のチフロマチーキアケントと此條約の規則并に別冊の條を全備せしむるために要すへき所の規律等談判を遂くへし
第十三條
今より凡百七十一个月の後即千八百七十二年七月四日に當る双方政府の存意を以て兩國の内より一个年前に通達し此條約并に神奈川條約の内存し置く个條及ひ此書に添たる別冊ともに双方委任の役人實驗之上談判を盡し補ひ或は改る事を得へし
第十四條
右條約の趣は來る未年六月 （版本五）日即千八百五十九年七月四日より執行ふへし此日限或は其以前にても都合次第に日本政府より使節を以て亞墨利加華盛頓府に於て本書を取替すへしもし無餘儀子細ありて此期限中本書取替し濟すとも條約之趣ハ此期限より執行ふへし
本條約は日本よりハ大君の御名と奥印を署し高官之者名を記し印を調して證とし合衆國よりハ大統領自ら名を記しセケレターリスフハンスタート（版本官名ト注ス）ともニ自ら名を記し合衆國の印を鈐して證とすへし尤日本語英語蘭語にて本書寫ともに四通を書し其譯文は何れも同義なりといへとも蘭語譯文を以て證據となすへし此取極のため安政五年午六月十九日即千八百五十八年亞墨利加合衆國獨立の八十三年七月二十九日江戸府に於て前に載たる兩國の役人等名を記し調印するもの也
井上信濃守 花押
岩瀬肥後守 花押
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